73-11: Effective Phosphate/Phosphonate Treatments Replace Chromate-BasedPublic awareness of environmental standards has grown enormously in recent years. Legislation has been tailored to ban the discharge of toxic materials into streams and water ways. Such legislation has resulted in the steady de emphasis of chromate based treatments in favor of more environmentally safe programs. One that has received wide spread acceptance is a phosphate phosphonate treatment through laboratory and filed data.

A new monitoring and control process has been developed which measures active treatment components in current cooling water treatment programs

The blowdown flow was either measured directly or

graded media filter

This paper shares field experiences and results in general industrial and process contaminated systems using viable (hypochlorite

mitigation and where applicable

both from process and makeup water sources

This paper identifies cooling tower operating practices that may create increased piping loads and provides deep considerations that can help prevent catastrophic pipe failures

The information provided is based on OSHA federal requirements

scaling and bio-fouling

nominal and dressed dimensions

Cleaning methods for high-performance film fills are discussed

Further power reductions may be realized as a result of lower cascade flow losses and improved airfoil insensitivity to roughness effects